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Baja Designs Dual Sport Enduro Turn Signal Kits    US $37.00

Baja Designs Dual Sport Enduro Headlight Blue    US $99.00

Baja Designs Dual Sport Enduro LED Tail Light    US $64.00

Baja Designs Dual Sport Enduro Headlight White    US $99.00

Baja Designs Dual Sport Enduro Headlights Red    US $99.00

SUZUKI DR350 New Dual Sport Instrument Guard DR 250 350 Purpose Enduro E SE SM    US $27.99

1983 HONDA XR500 KICK START SHAFT RACHET GEAR PRESSURE SPRING    US $7.96

1983 HONDA XR500 CLUTCH ACTUATOR SHAFT ARM    US $7.96

1983 HONDA XR500 CLUTCH SPRING BOLTS    US $7.96

1983 HONDA XR500 KICK START RETURN SPRING GUIDE    US $7.96

1983 HONDA XR500 CLUTCH ROD    US $9.95

1983 HONDA XR500 CLUTCH SPRINGS    US $9.95

1983 HONDA XR500 CLUTCH LIFTER    US $9.95

1983 HONDA XR500 CLUTCH OUTSIDE WASHER NUT    US $9.95

1983 HONDA XR500 CAM CHAIN DRIVE GEAR    US $11.96

1983 HONDA XR500 CLUTCH ACTUATOR SHAFT RETURN SPRING    US $11.96

SHINKO 300 16 SR244 SERIES DUAL SPORT ENDURO TIRE    US $31.50

WPS 520 HSO 110 LINK O RING CHAIN MOTORCYCLE DIRT BIKE ENDURO ATV DUAL SPORT    US $42.69

KTM300 Tail Light Dual Sport Enduro KTM 250 300 380 EGS    US $49.99

Wolfman Luggage Bottle Holster with 1L Primus Fuel Bottle Enduro Dual Sport    US $42.99

Wolfman Luggage Renegade Duffel Bag Yellow Enduro ADV Tour Dual Sport    US $69.95

96 HONDA XR400 MUD FLAP XR400R ENDURO DUAL SPORT MX RTW46    US $12.00

96 HONDA XR400 REAR DISC PROTECTOR XR400R ENDURO DUAL SPORT MX RTW46    US $19.00

96 HONDA XR400 REAR BRAKE PEDAL XR400R ENDURO DUAL SPORT MX RTW46    US $22.00

1978 SUZUKI SP370 Dual Sport Enduro EXHAUST MUFFLER CLAMP Used    US $4.00

96 HONDA XR400 AIR BOX COMPLETE XR400R ENDURO DUAL SPORT MX RTW46    US $39.00

1974 SUZUKI Dual Purpose ENDURO Ad 4 pgs TS 185 TS 250 TS 400 TS 125 TS 100    US $12.00

1972 SUZUKI TS 400 ENDURO CYCLE AD TS400 Dual Purpose Bike ad    US $7.00

SHINKO SR241 SERIES TIRE 300 17 dual sport tire motorcycle enduro off road    US $45.00

Wolfman Luggage Expedition Dry Duffel Bag Medium Enduro ADV Tour Dual Sport    US $114.95

Wolfman Luggage Wolf Tail Bag Enduro ADV Tour Dual Sport Motorcycle Luggage    US $129.95

NEW MICHELIN FRONT TIRE T63 90 90 21 DUAL SPORT ENDURO SUZUKI YAMAHA 23795    US $95.00

ACERBIS SIDE PANELS KAWASAKI KLX400 03 05 BLACK motorcycle dirtbike enduro dual    US $50.00

96 HONDA XR400 FUEL GAS TANK STRAP XR400R ENDURO DUAL SPORT MX RTW46    US $9.00

Dual Sport LED Tail Light Brake Light Enduro XR DR DRZ KTM DOT Supermoto SMR    US $46.95

KENDA 100 90 19 K 761 01 K 761 02 DUAL SPORT ENDURO    US $79.99

96 HONDA XR400 MOTOR MOUNTS HEAD STAY AND BOLTS XR400R ENDURO DUAL MX RTW46    US $19.00

96 HONDA XR400 IGNITION COIL XR400R ENDURO DUAL MX RTW46    US $19.00

Pirelli MT 90 A T Enduro Dual Sport Front Tire 80 90S21    US $107.70

96 HONDA XR400 SHOCK LINKAGE DOGBONE XR400R ENDURO DUAL MX RTW46    US $29.00

NOS Kawasaki F8 250 E 1971 Enduro Dual Purpose 13161 025    US $33.99

Yamaha XT250 250 Dual Sport Enduro 3 Oil Filters NEW    US $19.98

Motorcycle Dual Sport Enduro Fender Pack Bag Dirt Bike    US $19.95

Kenda K761 Dual Sport Motorcycle Tire 100 90 16 Front    US $63.94

96 HONDA XR400 KICK STARTER GEARS SHAFT SPRING XR400R ENDURO DUAL MX RTW46    US $36.00

Honda XR250 XL250 Front Forks AHRMA Vintage MX Enduro EVO Dual Sport    US $39.99

Kenda K761 Dual Sport Motorcycle Tire 110 80 18 Front    US $74.00

KENDA K270 DUAL PURPOSE ENDURO DOT APPROVED REAR TIRE 350 18 INCH TUBE TYPE    US $68.00

CYCLEWORKS SEAT COVER GRIPPER KTM KTM EXC 01 02 dual sport enduro motorcycle    US $50.00

KENDA K270 DUAL PURPOSE ENDURO DOT APPROVED REAR TIRE 400 18 INCH TUBE TYPE    US $73.00

Kenda K761 Dual Sport Motorcycle Tire 130 80 17 Rear    US $85.00

KENDA K270 DUAL PURPOSE ENDURO DOT APPROVED REAR TIRE 410 18 INCH TUBE TYPE    US $77.00

1987 Yamaha Trailway TW 200 Front Forks Vintage Cafe TW200 Enduro Dual Sport    US $99.99

Heidenau K76 Tire Set Street Tires Enduro Dual Sport R1200 Tenare V Strom    US $268.00

Pirelli MT 90 A T Enduro Dual Sport Rear Tire 110 80 18    US $165.33

KENDA K270 DUAL PURPOSE ENDURO DOT APPROVED REAR TIRE 450 18 INCH TUBE TYPE    US $84.00

KENDA K270 DUAL PURPOSE ENDURO DOT APPROVED REAR TIRE 510 17 INCH TUBE TYPE    US $88.00

Wolfman Luggage Day Tripper Saddlebag Enduro ADV Tour Dual Sport Moto Luggage    US $144.95

Kenda K778 DOT Speed Rated Street Legal Dual Sport Enduro Tire $0shp 130 80 19    US $45.00

Wolfman Luggage Escape Pak Motorcycle Hydration Pak Enduro ADV Tour Dual Sport    US $154.95

SPIDER SLX Motorcycle Grips Black Graphite MX Enduro Dual Sport SL X B G    US $15.25

KENDA K270 DUAL PURPOSE ENDURO DOT APPROVED REAR TIRE 510 18 INCH TUBE TYPE    US $98.00

Pirelli MT 90 A T Enduro Dual Sport Rear Tire 120 80 18    US $185.77

Pirelli MT 90 A T Enduro Dual Sport Rear Tire 140 80 18    US $190.34

DR 650 Dr650SM Supermoto Swingarm Decal Graphics dual sport enduro Custom MX    US $18.99

Wolfman Luggage Enduro Tank Bag WITH Rain Cover Enduro ADV Tour Dual Sport    US $99.95

Wolfman Luggage Small Expedition Tank Bag Enduro ADV Tour Dual Sport    US $109.95

1967 2001 Kawasaki KE100 Enduro Side Cover Dual Sport 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75    US $24.99

Universal 7 8 Dual Sport Enduro Mirrors and Mirror Brackets Motorcycle Mirrors    US $33.95

Universal 7 8 Dual Sport Enduro Mirror and Mirror Bracket Motorcycle Mirrors    US $24.95

96 HONDA XR400 MOTOR BOTTOM END ENGINE CRANKCASE XR400R ENDURO DUAL MX RTW46    US $150.00

ACERBIS RADIATOR SCOOP KTM 125 525 SX 07 10 ORANGE enduro dual sport motorcycle    US $50.00

NOS Suzuki Factory Brochure 1997 Dual Sport Enduro Dirt    US $13.19

Kenda K761 Dual Sport Motorcycle Tire 100 90 19 Front    US $69.00

Suzuki TS125 185 250 clutch lever and perch assy Enduro off road dual sport    US $23.95

Kawasaki KD100 KE100 side cover Enduro off road dual sport    US $19.95

Spare Fuel tank gas KTM Honda Yamaha Suzuki enduro dual sport    US $149.95

MX dual sport enduro dirt bike front fork boots motocross    US $20.95

SHINKO DUAL SPORT 244 SERIES TIRE 275 21 ENDURO TIRE    US $36.00

Honda TLR200 Reflex shift linkage trials enduro motorcycle dual spotr    US $34.95

The Suzuki DR650 is the best 650-class dual sport bike. The DR is a bit tall in stock form, but is readily lowered with stock parts; no special dogbones are necessary, just a shorter side stand. I lowered mine in a hotel lobby in Mexico without assistance, using only my lightweight travel tool kit. I can ride it stock with my 28" inseam, but with luggage I find it a lot easier to manage with the lower seat height.

I prefer it over the KLR650 and the XR650L, and would not even consider owning the BMW unless I could get it at a super price. For the price of the BMW, I would take a KTM, even though it will never be low enough.

With the 4.9 gal. IMS tank and a Corbin or Renazco seat, both of which it needs, it is still thousands cheaper than the BMW. The BMW is a bit better on the highway, with better fuel economy from the fuel-injected power plant. But the Suzuki is lighter, better off-road and less expensive to drop.

Default Bestselling Price: low to high Price: high to low Alphabetical: A to Z Alphabetical: Z to A

	KTM Motorcycles With Electric Start Street Legal Enduro Dual Sport Lighting Kit List Price: $219.99 Sale Price: $159.99 You save: $60.00 (27%)

	2003-2011 WR250F WR450F And 1999-2006 TTR250 Street Legal Enduro Dual Sport Lighting Kit List Price: $219.99 Sale Price: $159.99 You save: $60.00 (27%)

	2004-2009 Honda CRF250X CRF450X Street Legal Enduro Dual Sport Lighting Kit List Price: $219.99 Sale Price: $159.99 You save: $60.00 (27%)

	Smith Optics Fuel V.2 Enduro Black Clear AFC Dual Lens Goggle List Price: $45.00 Sale Price: $33.60 You save: $11.40 (25%)

	Unverisal Carbon Fiber Motorcycle Supermoto Supercross Motocross Off-road Enduro Dirt Bike Dual Sport Headlight Fairing Kit for Yamaha KTM Honda Kawasaki BMW Suzuki List Price: $37.71 Sale Price: $30.17 You save: $7.54 (20%)

	XR 250 XR400 XR600 XR650 Street Legal Enduro Dual Sport Lighting Kit List Price: $249.99 Sale Price: $179.99 You save: $70.00 (28%)

	12 Volts Red Lens Off Road Motocross Dirt Bike Enduro Moto Dual Sport Scrambler Trials Brake Stop Tail Light Red LED For Honda Kawasaki Yamaha Suzuki BMW KTM Sale Price: $24.99

	1998-2000 WR400F 2001-2002 WR426F YZ250 Street Legal Enduro Dual Sport Lighting Kit List Price: $249.99 Sale Price: $179.99 You save: $70.00 (28%)

	Michelin Desert Motorcycle Tire Dual/Enduro Rear 140/80-18 List Price: $243.30 Sale Price: $135.00 You save: $108.30 (45%)

Monster truck

History

The U.S. Air Force's own Afterburner performing at Monster Jam in Las Vegas

In the late 1970s, modified pickup trucks were becoming popular and the sports of mud bogging and truck pulling were gaining in popularity. Several truck owners had created lifted trucks to compete in such events, and soon competition to hold the title of "biggest truck" developed. The trucks which garnered the most national attention were Bob Chandler's Bigfoot, Fred Shafer and Jack Willman Sr.'s Bear Foot, and Jeff Dane's King Kong. At the time, the largest tires the trucks were running were 48 inches in diameter.

On June 14, 1974, Bob Chandler drove over cars in a field making what is often believed to be the first monster truck to crush cars. Chandler drove Bigfoot over a pair of cars in a field as a test of the truck's ability, and filmed it to use as a promotional tool in his four wheel drive performance shop. An event promoter saw the video of the car crush and asked Chandler to do it in front of a crowd. Initially hesitant, Chandler eventually caved in. After some smaller shows, Chandler performed the feat in the Pontiac Silverdome in 1982. At this show, Chandler also debuted a new version of Bigfoot with 66 inch (1.7 m) diameter tires. At a prior event in the early 80's when BIGFOOT was still running 48 terra tires, Bob George, one of the owners of a motorsport promotion company named Truck-a-rama, is said to have coined the phrase "monster truck" when referring to BIGFOOT. The term "monster truck" became the generic name for all trucks with oversized terra tires.

Debate of who did the first car crush is often discussed. During the late 1970s and early 1980s stated that King Kong had done car crushing at Great Lakes Dragway in Union Grove, Wisconsin. Another truck, known as High Roller, was also documented as doing car crushes in Washington State before Bigfoot ever did his. Arizona tractor tired mud truck Cyclops, then owned by the Dykman Brothers, is too known for crushing burning cars before Bigfoot.

King Kong, Spot Horn Action, and Bear Foot each followed Bigfoot to 66 inch diameter tires, and soon other monster trucks, such as King Krunch, USA-1, and Virginia Giant were being constructed. These early trucks were built off of stock chassis which were heavily reinforced, used leaf spring suspension, a stock body, and heavy military axles to support the tires. As a result, the trucks were incredibly heavy (usually 13,000 to 20,000 lb.) and most times had to crawl up onto the cars.

For most of the early 1980s, monster trucks performed primarily exhibitions as a side show to truck pulling or mud bogging events. In 1985, major promoters, such as the USHRA and TNT Motorsports, began racing monster trucks on a regular basis. The races, as they are today, were in the form of single elimination drag races, held over a course littered with obstacles. The change to racing eventually led truck owners to begin building lighter trucks, with more power. The establishment of TNT's first-ever monster truck points championship in 1988 expedited the process and found teams beginning to use straight-rail frames, fiberglass bodies, and lighter axle components to shave weight and gain speed.

In 1988, to standardize rules for truck construction and safety, Bob Chandler, Braden, and George Carpenter formed the Monster Truck Racing Association (MTRA). The MTRA created standard safety rules to govern monster trucks. The organization still plays a major role in the sport's development in the USA and EU.

Batman truck

With racing taking precedence, several teams began to think in new ways as to how the trucks could be built. Towards the end of 1988, Gary Cook and David Morris debuted Equalizer, a truck with a combination of coil springs and shock absorbers as the main source of suspension rather than the standard of leaf springs and shock absorbers. In 1989, Jack Willman Sr., now with his own truck, Taurus, debuted a new truck which used a four-link suspension system and large coilover shock absorbers, and that weighed in at close to 9,000 lb. The ultimate coup de grce, however, came from Chandler, also in 1989, whose Bigfoot VIII featured a full tubular chassis and a long-travel suspension using cantilevers and nitrogen shock absorbers to control the suspension. The truck revolutionized how monster trucks were built, and within a few years most top level teams built similar vehicles.

In 1991, TNT was purchased by USHRA and their points series were merged. The Special Events championship began to grow in popularity with teams as it had open qualifying spots which the invite-only USHRA championship did not have. The Special Events series lost its Pendaliner sponsorship in 1996, but the series is still running. The short-lived ProMT series started in 2000.

Although racing was dominant as a competition, USHRA events began having freestyle exhibitions as early as 1993. These exhibitions were developed as drivers, notably Dennis Anderson of the extremely popular Grave Digger, began asking for time to come out and perform if they lost in early rounds of racing. Promoters began to notice the popularity of freestyle among fans, and in 2000 USHRA began holding freestyle as a judged competition at events, and now even awards a freestyle championship.

Braden Smith, driver of Spot Horn Action, and president of the Snohomish County Monster Truck Drivers League, plans to lobby congress in August of 2010 to make Monster Truck Driving and Olympic Event.

A typical track for arena monster truck shows. The cars have ramps on one side for racing and are left bare on the other side for freestyle. The jumps around the perimeter are for ATV races.

Monster Jam is currently the largest and premeir monster truck event promotor, touring not only through the United States, but Canada and select regions of Europe. Other promoters of monster truck events include Checkered Flag Productions, AMP Tour, Special Events 4 Wheel & Off Road Jamboree, Major League of Monster Trucks, Extreme Monster Truck Nationals, MTRSS, Monster Truck Challenge and Monster Nationals.

Truck design

Jurassic Attack, based on a triceratops

A modern monster truck is more of a scaled up, four wheel drive dune buggy. As such, they generally aren't actual "trucks" and only maintain their name due to the common style of fiberglass bodies used on the vehicles. Trucks now have custom built tubular chassis, with four-link suspensions to provide up to four feet of clearance. Mounted just behind the driver on most trucks are the engines, which are typically supercharged, run on alcohol, and have displacement up to 575 cubic inches (9.42 L). Axles are typically out of either heavy-duty military trucks or road vehicles like school buses, and are modified to have a planetary gear reduction at the hub to help turn the tires. All trucks have hydraulic steering in both the front and the rear (four wheel steering), with the front wheels controlled by the steering wheel and the rear wheels by a toggle switch. The tires are typically "Terra" tires used on fertilizer spreaders, and have measurements of 664325 (1.71.10.6 m). Most trucks utilize a modified and/or custom designed automatic transmission, such as a Turbo 400, Powerglide, Ford C6 transmission, or a Torque-flite 727. A limited number of trucks utilize a Lenco transmission, which traces its roots to drag racing. Most of the automatic transmissions are heavily modified with transbrakes, manual valve bodies, and heavy duty gear sets. Trucks running a Lenco use a centrifugal clutch as opposed to a torque converter, which are used in automatic transmissions. Lenco transmissions are usually found in two-speed or three speed configurations, and are commonly shifted using compressed CO2.

The trucks have many safety features, several required just to run in the small arenas that the trucks frequent. The aforementioned RII is one of three kill switches on each truck, the other two being one within the driver's reach in the cab, and another at the rear of the truck so that all electrical power may be shut off in the event of a rollover. Many trucks are constructed with the driver sitting in the center of the cab for visibility. Most cabs are shielded with Lexan (or comparable polycarbonate), which not only protects the driver from track debris, but also allows for increased visibility. Drivers are required to wear firesuits, safety harnesses, helmets, and head and neck restraints. Most moving parts on the truck are also shielded, and high pressure components have restraining straps, both in case of an explosion.

Popular culture

Monster trucks are possibly often portrayed as being a form of motorized professional wrestling. Commonly cited evidence is the use of names for the trucks, rather than numbers and sponsors (some trucks are now named for their sponsor, and in 2008, the Major League of Monster Trucks, before their eventual downturn, planned to mandate truck numbers), and often accusations of rigged races, as some trucks (including Bigfoot and Grave Digger) are seen as winning more often in order to please the crowd. However, promoters have widely denied rigging races, and many shows often feature evidence to the contrary when the unpredictable happens. Perhaps more than the redneck stereotype, the pro-wrestling stereotype is hated among drivers and teams, who feel they are regarded with disrespect despite their work to compete at a high level. Likewise, many fans would like to see the sport treated by the media as NASCAR is currently. However, as monster truck events do feature a considerably more show-like atmosphere than most other motorsports, competitions are often considered a form of "sports entertainment".

The advertising of monster truck events has also become a part of popular culture. A familiar 1980s series of radio commercials for various monster truck races featured a screaming announcer (most famously, Larry "Supermouth" Huffman), blaring rock background music, and heavy use of reverb. These spots began with "Sunday!!! Sunday!!! Sunday!!!", and ended with an emphatic "BE THERE!!!!!!". Although commonly associated with monster trucks, the ads were conceived in the 1960s for funny car match races at drag strips. Chicago-area drag racing promoter Jan Gabriel, who produced three television specials about monster trucks in 1985 and 1986, is generally credited as coining the Sunday! Sunday! Sunday! catchphrase. As some promoters of those events also became promoters for monster truck events, the ads were retooled to fit the monster trucks. The ads have been frequently parodied in other advertisements.

A truck competition in the film Take This Job and Shove It features Bigfoot and USA-1, probably the earliest appearance of monster trucks in a major film.[citation needed]

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Monster truck

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Monster Jam Series

Trucks

Grave Digger  Maximum Destruction  Bigfoot  Bear Foot  Monster Mutt  Towasaurus Wrex  Captain's Curse  Avenger  Dalmatian Mutt  Aracnaphobia  Batman  Black Stallion  Blue Thunder  Bulldozer  Clydesdale  Cyborg  Donkey Kong  El Toro Loco  Heavy Metal  Hummer Time  Maniac  Predator  Raminator  Reptoid  Sudden Impact  Swamp Thing  USA-1  WCW Nitro  Wild Hair

People

Dennis Anderson  Tom Meents

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Off-roading Topics

Types of off-roading

Off-road racing  Green laning  Desert racing  Dune bashing  Enduro  Mud bogging  Motocross  Observed trials Rally raid  Rock crawling

Off-road vehicles

All-terrain vehicle  Dirt Bike  Dual-sport motorcycle  Dune buggy  Enduro motorcycle  Four-wheel drive  Monster truck  Rock crawler  Sandrail  Trials motorcycle  Trophy Truck  Truggy  UTV

Off-road Related

Off road park  Xtreme 4x4  Trucks!

Categories: Monster trucks | Sports entertainmentHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2009 | All articles lacking sources | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009 | Spoken articles
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